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FMFILL 12 <8142241818244281> FMFILL 13 <03060c183060c081> FMFILL 14 <8040201008040201> FMFILL 16 1 FMFILL 17 0.9 FMFILL 18 0.7 FMFILL 19 0.5 FMFILL 20 0.3 FMFILL 21 0.1 FMFILL 22 0.03 FMFILL 23 0 FMFILL 24 FMFILL 25 FMFILL 26 <3333333333333333> FMFILL 27 <0000ffff0000ffff> FMFILL 28 <7ebddbe7e7dbbd7e> FMFILL 29 FMFILL 30 <7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe> FMFILL %%EndSetup %%Page: "1" 1 %%BeginPaperSize: Letter %%EndPaperSize 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 108 81 540 81 2 L 7 X 0 K V 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X N 108 747 540 747 2 L 7 X V 3 H 0 Z 0 X N 108 46.88 342 63 R 7 X V 0 10 Q 0 X (6/29/93 03:28 pm richford@osf.org) 108 56.33 T 360 46.88 540 63 R 7 X V 0 X (\251 1993 OSF) 360 56.33 T (1 of 4) 516.68 56.33 T 108 90 540 711 R 7 X V 1 24 Q 0 X -1.2 (GANDF: Status III) 237.57 695 S 0 12 Q (Richard L. Ford) 281.86 601 T (June 28, 1993) 289.18 585 T (Open Softwar) 254.47 569 T (e Foundation) 325.88 569 T (Resear) 277.31 553 T (ch Institute) 312.39 553 T 0 14 Q (Recent Pr) 180 463.67 T (ogr) 239.19 463.67 T (ess on GANDF is r) 259.14 463.67 T (eported:) 370.04 463.67 T (performance and corr) 180 447.67 T (ectness have been) 311.86 447.67 T (impr) 180 431.67 T (oved, and the DEC Alpha port has been) 209.29 431.67 T (mostly completed.) 180 415.67 T 108 355.98 540 359 C 90 357.49 558 357.49 2 L 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X 0 K N 0 0 612 792 C 1 16 Q 0 X 0 K (1. Introduction) 108 364.33 T 2 14 Q (GANDF is an experimental ANDF) 108 332.64 T 2 11 Q (1) 303.86 338.24 T 2 14 Q ( translator being implemented at the) 309.36 332.64 T (Open Software Foundation \050OSF\051 Research Institute \050RI\051, based on the) 108 316.64 T (back-end technology of the Gnu C Compiler\050GCC\051, produced by the Free) 108 300.64 T (Software Foundation, along with some support routines from the DRA) 108 284.64 T (technology) 108 268.64 T (.) 169.27 268.64 T (This third) 108 240.64 T 2 11 Q (2) 162.81 246.24 T 2 14 Q (in a series of papers describing the GANDF experiment is just a) 168.3 240.64 T -0.2 (brief update on progress relative to the last report. There are three main areas) 108 224.64 P (of progress--bug \336xing, performance improvements, and completion of the) 108 208.64 T (DEC Alpha port.) 108 192.64 T 108 144 540 164.09 C 108 151.99 239.98 151.99 2 L 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X 0 K N 0 0 612 792 C 2 11 Q 0 X 0 K -0.6 (1. ANDF is an architecture- and language- neutral distribution format being developed by OSF and) 108 136.67 P -0.51 (other collaborators around the world. It is based on the TDF technology provided by the Defence) 118.8 124.67 P (Research Agency \050DRA\051 of the UK Ministry of Defense.) 118.8 112.67 T (2. The others appeared in OSF RI ANDF Collected Papers, V) 108 97.67 T (olumes 1 and 2.) 380.29 97.67 T FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "1" 2 %%Page: "2" 2 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L 7 X 0 K V 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X N 108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L 7 X V 0 Z 0 X N 108 46.88 324 63 R 7 X V 0 10 Q 0 X (GANDF: Status III) 108 56.33 T 108 726.98 540 742.18 R 7 X V 0 8 Q 0 X (Bug Fixing) 108 736.84 T 351 45 540 61.12 R 7 X V 0 10 Q 0 X (2 of 4) 516.68 54.45 T 108 90 540 720 R 7 X V 108 700.98 540 704 C 90 702.49 558 702.49 2 L 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X 0 K N 0 0 612 792 C 1 16 Q 0 X 0 K (2. Bug Fixing) 108 709.33 T 2 14 Q (As of our last report GANDF tar) 108 677.64 T (geted to a number of architectures was) 290.39 677.64 T (passing the Plum-Hall test suites and the SPEC-Int and Dhrystone) 108 661.64 T (benchmarks. However) 108 645.64 T (, when applied to a more complex application like the) 233.33 645.64 T (Informix W) 108 629.64 T (ingz spreadsheet, it was failing.) 173.89 629.64 T (As of our last report GANDF was not able to generate any debug output.) 108 601.64 T (When we went to debug the incorrect code for complex applications like) 108 585.64 T (W) 108 569.64 T (ingz it quickly became clear that this was a serious drawback. W) 120.65 569.64 T (e have) 481.69 569.64 T (therefore added to GANDF the capability to produce debugging information) 108 553.64 T (of the same sort as GCC, so that GANDF output can be debugged whenever) 108 537.64 T (there is gdb or another debugger that will accept GCC debugger output. Our) 108 521.64 T (current debugging implementation allows:) 108 505.64 T 2 13 Q (\245) 122.4 482.31 T (Procedure and Statement Breakpoints) 136.8 482.31 T (\245) 122.4 459.31 T (Single Stepping) 136.8 459.31 T (\245) 122.4 436.31 T (Showing of source lines) 136.8 436.31 T (\245) 122.4 413.31 T (Showing values of variables.) 136.8 413.31 T 2 14 Q (It is only incomplete in that variables are dumped in the data type that the) 108 385.64 T (variable has in the ANDF) 108 369.64 T (, and not in the original source language. It should) 250.67 369.64 T (not be too hard to correct this de\336ciency) 108 353.64 T (.) 332.87 353.64 T -0.52 (W) 108 325.64 P -0.52 (ith the aid of this debugging capability) 120.65 325.64 P -0.52 (, we were able to \336nd the bad code in) 332.69 325.64 P (even complex applications. As a result, W) 108 309.64 T (ingz compiled by GANDF now) 343.71 309.64 T (executes successfully) 108 293.64 T (.) 227.16 293.64 T 108 233.95 540 236.98 C 90 235.47 558 235.47 2 L 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X 0 K N 0 0 612 792 C 1 16 Q 0 X 0 K (3. Performance Improvements) 108 242.31 T 2 14 Q -0.22 (In our last report we reported that code compiled using GANDF was running) 108 210.62 P (about 20% slower than code compiled by GCC. W) 108 194.62 T (e speculated that much of) 390.97 194.62 T (this was due to two factors:) 108 178.62 T 2 13 Q (\245) 122.4 155.29 T (W) 136.8 155.29 T (e were not yet putting out GCC loop marks, so loop optimization was not) 148.02 155.29 T (being done.) 121.54 140.29 T (\245) 122.4 117.29 T (W) 136.8 117.29 T (e were treating all routines as if they had a variable number of ar) 148.02 117.29 T (guments,) 483.51 117.29 T (thus incurring extra overhead in saving registers on routine entry) 121.54 102.29 T (.) 457.17 102.29 T FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "2" 3 %%Page: "3" 3 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L 7 X 0 K V 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X N 108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L 7 X V 0 Z 0 X N 108 46.88 324 63 R 7 X V 0 10 Q 0 X (GANDF: Status III) 108 56.33 T 108 726.98 540 742.18 R 7 X V 0 8 Q 0 X (DEC Alpha Port) 108 736.84 T 351 45 540 61.12 R 7 X V 0 10 Q 0 X (3 of 4) 516.68 54.45 T 108 90 540 720 R 7 X V 2 14 Q 0 X (GANDF has now been \336xed to handle both of the problems. The ef) 108 710.67 T (fect of) 485.09 710.67 T (these vary depending on the benchmark, but the net ef) 108 694.67 T (fect is that now the) 410.85 694.67 T -0.43 (GANDF produced code is usually within 5% of the GCC code, and in several) 108 678.67 P (cases in the 0-2% range. Most of the performance improvement came from) 108 662.67 T -0.41 (the loop marks, but for some tests avoiding the variable number of ar) 108 646.67 P -0.41 (guments) 489.49 646.67 P (overhead improved performance by as much as 15%.) 108 630.67 T 108 570.98 540 574 C 90 572.49 558 572.49 2 L 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X 0 K N 0 0 612 792 C 1 16 Q 0 X 0 K (4. DEC Alpha Port) 108 579.33 T 2 14 Q (The DEC Alpha port is now essentially complete. This port involved) 108 547.64 T (additional complications that were not present in the others, since it has a 64) 108 531.64 T (bit word-size.) 108 515.64 T (One problem was that the DRA code used to read in the ANDF mapped the) 108 487.64 T (integer varieties into either 8, 16, or 32 bit integers. I could have extended) 108 471.64 T -0.01 (this by just adding an additional 64 bit integer type, but this would have lead) 108 455.64 P (to some rather) 108 439.64 T 3 F (ad hoc) 191.55 439.64 T 2 F ( code in places. Instead, I made use of GCC tables of) 229.24 439.64 T (integer data types available on the tar) 108 423.64 T (get architecture, in order to \336nd a more) 316.81 423.64 T (general solution to the data type mapping problem.) 108 407.64 T (Another problem had to do with compile-time evaluation of constant) 108 379.64 T -0.11 (expressions. The problem here was that parts of the existing constant folding) 108 363.64 P -0.12 (routines were assuming a 32 bit word-size. Also, I wanted to avoid having to) 108 347.64 P (have dif) 108 331.64 T (ferent versions of this code for 32 and 64 bit tar) 153.21 331.64 T (gets. In addition,) 419.54 331.64 T (GCC is designed to be able to be a cross-compiler) 108 315.64 T (, and I wanted GANDF to) 387.64 315.64 T -0.37 (be able to run on a 32 bit machine while producing code for a 64 bit machine.) 108 299.64 P -0.16 (I solved this problem by making use of the GNU Multiple Precision Package) 108 283.64 P -0.05 (to do the constant folding. This allows me to do in\336nite precision arithmetic.) 108 267.64 P (Then, when necessary) 108 251.64 T (, the results are checked or truncated to make them \336t) 231.03 251.64 T -0.17 (the required constraints. I should mention that I did not actually built a 32 bit) 108 235.64 P (to 64 bit cross-compiler) 108 219.64 T (, and I\325m not sure the Alpha GCC port can handle) 240.74 219.64 T -0.11 (that, but at least the constant folding part of GANDF does not prevent such a) 108 203.64 P -0.48 (cross-compiler from being built. One of the scenarios for use of ANDF is that) 108 187.64 P -0.34 (a network installation server will produce executables for a variety of tar) 108 171.64 P -0.34 (gets.) 510.8 171.64 P (This would imply that such an installation server would need to have a) 108 155.64 T (number of ANDF cross-installers.) 108 139.64 T FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "3" 4 %%Page: "4" 4 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L 7 X 0 K V 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X N 108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L 7 X V 0 Z 0 X N 108 46.88 324 63 R 7 X V 0 10 Q 0 X (GANDF: Status III) 108 56.33 T 108 726.98 540 742.18 R 7 X V 0 8 Q 0 X (Conclusions) 108 736.84 T 351 45 540 61.12 R 7 X V 0 10 Q 0 X (4 of 4) 516.68 54.45 T 108 90 540 720 R 7 X V 108 700.98 540 704 C 90 702.49 558 702.49 2 L 0.25 H 2 Z 0 X 0 K N 0 0 612 792 C 1 16 Q 0 X 0 K (5. Conclusions) 108 709.33 T 2 14 Q -0.34 (W) 108 677.64 P -0.34 (e have made signi\336cant progress toward one of GANDF\325) 120.09 677.64 P -0.34 (s goals, namely to) 436.81 677.64 P -0.23 (show that ANDF installers can be ef) 108 661.64 P -0.23 (fectively produced by interfacing ANDF) 309.97 661.64 P (with existing compiler back ends.) 108 645.64 T 2 13 Q (\245) 122.4 622.31 T (W) 136.8 622.31 T (e have shown that code produced by GANDF can be within 5% in) 148.02 622.31 T (performance of the back end on which it is based.) 121.54 607.31 T (\245) 122.4 584.31 T (W) 136.8 584.31 T (e have shown that GANDF is reaching a robustness that allows it to be) 148.02 584.31 T (used for complex applications.) 121.54 569.31 T (\245) 122.4 546.31 T (W) 136.8 546.31 T (e have shown that GANDF can be used to install ANDF on 64 bit tar) 148.02 546.31 T (gets.) 506.28 546.31 T 2 14 Q (GANDF has in\337uenced the evolution of ANDF) 108 518.64 T (. W) 372.71 518.64 T (e raised the issue of the) 391.79 518.64 T (impossibility of implementing procedures with multiple return types while) 108 502.64 T (maintaining ABI compatibility) 108 486.64 T (, which resulted in a change to the ANDF) 279.67 486.64 T (speci\336cation to avoid this problem.) 108 470.64 T (There still is more work ahead for the GANDF installer project:) 108 442.64 T 2 13 Q (\245) 122.4 419.31 T (W) 136.8 419.31 T (e presently only implement a \322C\323 subset of ANDF) 148.02 419.31 T (. More work is needed) 409.54 419.31 T (to implement full ANDF) 121.54 404.31 T (.) 249.27 404.31 T (\245) 122.4 381.31 T (GANDF will be ported to allow tar) 136.8 381.31 T (gets to W) 319.06 381.31 T (indows NT) 368.31 381.31 T (, and perhaps to) 425.42 381.31 T (DOS \050using the djgcc port of GCC\051.) 121.54 366.31 T (\245) 122.4 343.31 T (Some parts need to be rewritten so that all of it can be freely distributed.) 136.8 343.31 T (\245) 122.4 320.31 T (W) 136.8 320.31 T (ork is planned to adapt GANDF for massively parallel machines.) 148.02 320.31 T 2 14 Q (Even though there is more work to be done, we believe that these results are) 108 292.64 T (already suf) 108 276.64 T (\336ciently positive to encourage system vendors to adopt this) 169.52 276.64 T (approach toward producing ANDF installers.) 108 260.64 T 108 90 540 720 C 108 90 540 216 C 108 90 540 207 R 7 X 0 K V 2 10 Q 0 X (Copyright 1993 by Open Software Foundation, Inc.) 108 200.33 T (All Rights Reserved) 108 178.33 T -0.19 (Permission to reproduce this document without fee is hereby granted, provided that the copyright notice and) 108 156.33 P -0.08 (this permission notice appear in all copies or derivative works. OSF MAKES NO W) 108 144.33 P -0.08 (ARRRANTY OF ANY) 443.36 144.33 P (KIND WITH REGARD T) 108 132.33 T (O THIS MA) 213.57 132.33 T (TERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED T) 262.98 132.33 T (O, THE IMPLIED) 459.05 132.33 T -0.04 (W) 108 120.33 P -0.04 (ARRANTIES OF MERCHANT) 116.32 120.33 P -0.04 (ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A P) 245.37 120.33 P -0.04 (AR) 390 120.33 P -0.04 (TICULAR PURPOSE. OSF shall) 403.28 120.33 P (not be liable for errors contained herein or for any direct or indirect, incidental, special or consequential) 108 108.33 T (damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.) 108 96.33 T 108 90 540 720 C 0 0 612 792 C FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "4" 5 %%Trailer %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%Pages: 4 1 %%DocumentFonts: Times-Bold %%+ Times-BoldItalic %%+ Times-Roman %%+ Times-Italic